How to Set Up a VPS from Scratch: A Complete Beginner’s Guide

Setting up a VPS (Virtual Private Server) might seem like a daunting task, but with the right guidance, you can have your own server running in no time. Below, I will show you how to do it simply and effectively, including the basic setup of Apache, MySQL, Certbot, and security measures.

1. Choose a VPS Provider

The first step is to select a VPS provider. There are several options available in the market, such as DigitalOcean, Linode, and Vultr. Each one offers different plans and pricing.

Tips for Choosing:

Technical Features: Check if the provider offers resources that meet your needs.
Technical Support: Opt for a provider that offers 24/7 assistance.
Ease of Use: Some providers have more intuitive control panels.

2. Create Your VPS

After choosing your provider, the next step is to create your VPS. This process usually includes selecting the operating system and server specifications.

Steps to Create Your VPS:

Select an Operating System: Choose Ubuntu 20.04 LTS for its ease of use.
Choose the Right Plan: Select a plan that fits your performance requirements.
Configure Security: Enable the security options that the provider offers.

3. Access Your VPS

Once your VPS is created, you will need to access it via SSH (Secure Shell).

How to Access:

Open your terminal or use an SSH client like PuTTY.
Type the following command:
bash
```
ssh root@your_ip_address
```
Enter your password when prompted.

4. Initial Server Configuration

Once inside your VPS, perform some initial configurations to ensure security and functionality.

Initial Configuration Steps:

Update the System: Run the following commands:
bash
```
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
```
Create a New User: It’s recommended not to use the root user. Create a new user and grant sudo privileges:
bash
```
adduser new_user
usermod -aG sudo new_user
```

5. Install Apache and MySQL

Now it’s time to install Apache and MySQL. Apache is the web server, and MySQL is the database management system.

Installing Apache:

bash

sudo apt install apache2 -y

Verify that Apache is working by accessing your IP address in a browser.

Installing MySQL:

bash

sudo apt install mysql-server -y

After installation, secure your MySQL:

bash

sudo mysql_secure_installation

This will guide you through securing your MySQL installation.

6. Install Certbot for SSL

To ensure your website’s security, it’s crucial to have an SSL certificate. We will use Certbot to obtain a free certificate from Let’s Encrypt.

Installing Certbot:

bash

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache -y

Obtain the SSL Certificate:

Run the following command, replacing your_domain.com with your domain name:

bash

sudo certbot --apache -d your_domain.com -d www.your_domain.com

Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the setup.

7. Configure the Firewall and Security

Finally, make sure your server is protected. Set up the firewall using UFW and enable only necessary traffic.

Firewall Configuration:

bash

sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'
sudo ufw enable

Additional Security Measures:

Disable Root Access via SSH: Edit the SSH configuration file:
bash
```
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
```
Change PermitRootLogin yes to PermitRootLogin no.
Set Up Fail2Ban: To protect against brute force attacks:
bash
```
sudo apt install fail2ban -y
```

Setting up a VPS may seem complex, but by following these steps, you can have your own server ready to go in no time. From the basic installation of Apache and MySQL to implementing security measures, each step is essential for ensuring a safe and efficient environment.